London Scottish

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[ˈskɒtɪʃ, AM ˈskɑ:t̬-]

I. adj schottisch

II. n

▪ the \Scottish pl die Schotten pl

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1. adj

2. n

1) (= dialect) Schottisch nt

2)

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Scottish [ˈskɒtıʃ; US ˈskɑ-]

A s

1. LING → academic.ru/64824/Scotch">Scotch¹ B 3

2. the Scottish koll die Schotten pl

B adj schottisch:

she’s Scottish sie ist Schottin

Scot. abk

1. Scotch schott.

2. Scotland

3. Scottish schott.

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сокр. SLP эк., юр., брит. шотландское партнерство [товарищество\] с ограниченной ответственностью* (форма партнерства с ограниченной ответственностью, создаваемая в соответствии с шотландским законодательством о партнерствах; от обычных партнерств, создание которых предусмотрено британским законодательством, отличается тем, что имеет статус юридического лица; такие партнерства могут быть участниками Ллойда и могут формироваться индивидуальными членами Ллойда как средство перехода от осуществления андеррайтинга с неограниченной ответственностью к осуществлению андеррайтингу с ограниченной ответственностью)

сокр. CLSB банк., брит. Комитет лондонских и шотландских банкиров* (орган Ассоциации британских банкиров, сформированный в 1985 г. на основе Комитета лондонских клиринговых банкиров в основном с теми же функциями; перестал существовать в 1991 г.)

сокр. CLCB банк., брит. Комитет лондонских клиринговых банкиров* (комитет председателей лондонских клиринговых банков, который служил центром обсуждения проблем банковской системы страны и ее взаимоотношений с Банком Англии и министерством финансов; до 1975 г. действовал совместно с Ассоциацией британских банкиров, в 1975 г. был преобразован в самостоятельную организацию; в 1985 г. преобразован в Комитет лондонских и шотландских банкиров; в 1991 г. функции комитета полностью перешли к Ассоциации британских банкиров)

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1) Общая лексика: list of spare parts

2) Компьютерная техника: Lacks Software, Language Sensitive, Laser Serial, Laser Servo, Linux Standalone, List For Similar, List Scheduling, List Short, Logic Switch, Login Shell

3) Авиация: landing strip

4) Медицина: lumbosacral (пояснично-крестцовый)

5) Американизм: List Shows

6) Военный термин: Labor Service, Land Forces, Southern Europe, Land Sea, Launch Service, Letter Service, London Scottish, Long Shen, Longitudinal Section, landing ship, landing site, laser seeker, laser system, launch simulator, launch site, launch station, launch system, launching silo, lead sheet, level setter, life system, line scan, list of specifications, logistic support, loudspeaker, low speed, launching station, Land System

7) Техника: last sent, lighting system, linear smoothing, local synchronization, locked shut, концевой выключатель

8) Сельское хозяйство: Light Sussex

9) Математика: La Salle, Large Scale, менее значащий (less significant), метод наименьших квадратов, младший (о разряде), наименее значимый (least significant)

10) Юридический термин: Law Select

11) Страхование: Liner shipping, Summer timber load line

12) Астрономия: List Star

13) Ветеринария: Lepidopterists' Society

14) Грубое выражение: Little Shit

15) Оптика: logical sum

16) Политика: Liechtenstein

17) Телекоммуникации: Link State, Loop Start

18) Сокращение: Landing System, Leading Seaman, Lesotho, Letter Signed, Licentiate in Surgery, Liechtenstein (NATO country code), Linnaean Society, launcher site, limestone, Locus Sigilli (place of seal)

19) Текстиль: Long Sleeve

20) Физиология: Lifespan Setting, Liver And Spleen, Lumbar Spine, Lumbosacral

21) Электроника: Limit State

22) Вычислительная техника: less significant, load server, LAN Server (IBM)

23) Картография: levee station

24) Транспорт: Long Stroke

25) Фирменный знак: Lone Star

26) Экология: lightship station

27) Реклама: дальний план

28) Деловая лексика: Labor Saving, Lots Standard, Low Shrinkage, место для печати (locus sigilli)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: load sense (control system)

30) Сетевые технологии: Library Server, Licensing System, Link Server, Link Similar, Local Scope, Local Storage, Local System, Luxury Sport

31) Полимеры: laminated sheet, left side, level switch, light scattering, low-structure

32) Программирование: Level Subroutine, Load Save

33) Сахалин А: limit of supply

34) Общая лексика: load sensing

35) Химическое оружие: Limit switch

36) Макаров: lantern slide, lapped seam, long shot, low Schottky, low-power Schottky

37) Нефть и газ: Communication Lines, low pressure steam

38) Электротехника: line switch, load shedding

39) Должность: Land Surveyor

40) Чат: Lots Of Stuff, Lucky Sis

41) Федеральное бюро расследований: Louisville Field Office

42) Единицы измерений: Light Seconds

1) Общая лексика: list of spare parts

2) Компьютерная техника: Lacks Software, Language Sensitive, Laser Serial, Laser Servo, Linux Standalone, List For Similar, List Scheduling, List Short, Logic Switch, Login Shell

3) Авиация: landing strip

4) Медицина: lumbosacral (пояснично-крестцовый)

5) Американизм: List Shows

6) Военный термин: Labor Service, Land Forces, Southern Europe, Land Sea, Launch Service, Letter Service, London Scottish, Long Shen, Longitudinal Section, landing ship, landing site, laser seeker, laser system, launch simulator, launch site, launch station, launch system, launching silo, lead sheet, level setter, life system, line scan, list of specifications, logistic support, loudspeaker, low speed, launching station, Land System

7) Техника: last sent, lighting system, linear smoothing, local synchronization, locked shut, концевой выключатель

8) Сельское хозяйство: Light Sussex

9) Математика: La Salle, Large Scale, менее значащий (less significant), метод наименьших квадратов, младший (о разряде), наименее значимый (least significant)

10) Юридический термин: Law Select

11) Страхование: Liner shipping, Summer timber load line

12) Астрономия: List Star

13) Ветеринария: Lepidopterists' Society

14) Грубое выражение: Little Shit

15) Оптика: logical sum

16) Политика: Liechtenstein

17) Телекоммуникации: Link State, Loop Start

18) Сокращение: Landing System, Leading Seaman, Lesotho, Letter Signed, Licentiate in Surgery, Liechtenstein (NATO country code), Linnaean Society, launcher site, limestone, Locus Sigilli (place of seal)

19) Текстиль: Long Sleeve

20) Физиология: Lifespan Setting, Liver And Spleen, Lumbar Spine, Lumbosacral

21) Электроника: Limit State

22) Вычислительная техника: less significant, load server, LAN Server (IBM)

23) Картография: levee station

24) Транспорт: Long Stroke

25) Фирменный знак: Lone Star

26) Экология: lightship station

27) Реклама: дальний план

28) Деловая лексика: Labor Saving, Lots Standard, Low Shrinkage, место для печати (locus sigilli)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: load sense (control system)

30) Сетевые технологии: Library Server, Licensing System, Link Server, Link Similar, Local Scope, Local Storage, Local System, Luxury Sport

31) Полимеры: laminated sheet, left side, level switch, light scattering, low-structure

32) Программирование: Level Subroutine, Load Save

33) Сахалин А: limit of supply

34) Общая лексика: load sensing

35) Химическое оружие: Limit switch

36) Макаров: lantern slide, lapped seam, long shot, low Schottky, low-power Schottky

37) Нефть и газ: Communication Lines, low pressure steam

38) Электротехника: line switch, load shedding

39) Должность: Land Surveyor

40) Чат: Lots Of Stuff, Lucky Sis

41) Федеральное бюро расследований: Louisville Field Office

42) Единицы измерений: Light Seconds

landing ship; Lcading Seaman; leading sea; Letter Service; Linnean Society; left side; London Scottish (regiment)

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Stanier's career started when he was Office Boy at the Great Western Railway's Swindon works. He was taken on as a pupil in 1892 and steady promotion elevated him to Works Manager in 1920, under Chief Mechanical Engineer George Churchward. In 1923 he became Principal Assistant to Churchward's successor, C.B.Collett. In 1932, at the age of 56 and after some forty years' service with the Great Western Railway (GWR), W.A.Stanier was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London Midland \& Scottish Railway (LMS). This, the largest British railway, had been formed by the amalgamation in 1923 of several long-established railways, including the London \& North Western and the Midland, that had strong and disparate traditions in locomotive design. A coherent and comprehensive policy had still to emerge; Stanier did, however, inherit a policy of reducing the number of types of locomotives, in the interest of economy, by the withdrawal and replacement of small classes, which had originated with constituent companies.

Initially as replacements, Stanier brought in to the LMS a series of highly successful standard locomotives; this practice may be considered a development of that of G.J.Churchward on the GWR. Notably, these new locomotives included: the class 5, mixed-traffic 4–6–0; the 8F heavy-freight 2–8–0; and the "Duchess" 4–6–2 for express passenger trains. Stanier also built, in 1935, a steam-turbine-driven 4–6–2, which became the only steam-turbine locomotive in Britain to have an extended career in regular service, although the economies it provided were insufficient for more of the type to be built. From 1932–3 onwards, and initially as part of a programme to economize on shunting costs by producing a single-manned locomotive, the LMS started to develop diesel shunting locomotives. Stanier delegated much of the responsibility for these to C.E.Fairburn. From 1939 diesel-electric shunting locomotives were being built in quantity for the LMS: this was the first instance of adoption of diesel power on a large scale by a British main-line railway. In a remarkably short time, Stanier transformed LMS locomotive stock, formerly the most backward of the principal British railways, to the point at which it was second to none. He was seconded to the Government as Scientific Advisor to the Ministry of Production in 1942, and retired two years later.

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SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy, Ports and shipping

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The son of a merchant of Dundee, Kirkaldy was educated there, then at Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh University. For a while he worked in his father's office, but with a preference for engineering, in 1843 he commenced an apprenticeship at the Glasgow works of Robert Napier. After four years in the shops he was transferred to the drawing office and in a very few years rose to become Chief. Here Kirkaldy demonstrated a remarkable talent both for the meticulous recording of observations and data and for technical drawing. His work also had an aesthetic appeal and four of his drawings of Napier steamships were shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, earning both Napier and Kirkaldy a medal. His "as fitted" set of drawings of the Cunard Liner Persia, which had been built in 1855, is now in the possession of the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich, London; it is regarded as one of the finest examples of its kind in the world, and has even been exhibited at the Royal Academy in London.

With the impending order for the Royal Naval Ironclad Black Prince (sister ship to HMS Warrior, now preserved at Portsmouth) and for some high-pressure marine boilers and engines, there was need for a close scientific analysis of the physical properties of iron and steel. Kirkaldy, now designated Chief Draughtsman and Calculator, was placed in charge of this work, which included comparisons of puddled steel and wrought iron, using a simple lever-arm testing machine. The tests lasted some three years and resulted in Kirkaldy's most important publication, Experiments on Wrought Iron and Steel (1862, London), which gained him wide recognition for his careful and thorough work. Napier's did not encourage him to continue testing; but realizing the growing importance of materials testing, Kirkaldy resigned from the shipyard in 1861. For the next two and a half years Kirkaldy worked on the design of a massive testing machine that was manufactured in Leeds and installed in premises in London, at The Grove, Southwark.

The works was open for trade in January 1866 and engineers soon began to bring him specimens for testing on the great machine: Joseph Cubitt (son of William Cubitt) brought him samples of the materials for the new Blackfriars Bridge, which was then under construction. Soon The Grove became too cramped and Kirkaldy moved to 99 Southwark Street, reopening in January 1874. In the years that followed, Kirkaldy gained a worldwide reputation for rigorous and meticulous testing and recording of results, coupled with the highest integrity. He numbered the most distinguished engineers of the time among his clients.

After Kirkaldy's death, his son William George, whom he had taken into partnership, carried on the business. When the son died in 1914, his widow took charge until her death in 1938, when the grandson David became proprietor. He sold out to Treharne \& Davies, chemical consultants, in 1965, but the works finally closed in 1974. The future of the premises and the testing machine at first seemed threatened, but that has now been secured and the machine is once more in working order. Over almost one hundred years of trading in South London, the company was involved in many famous enquiries, including the analysis of the iron from the ill-fated Tay Bridge (see Bouch, Sir Thomas).

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LRD / FMW

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Textiles

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As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.

There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.

In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.

New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.

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RLH / LRD

банк., брит. сокр. от Committee of London and Scottish Bankers

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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James Caird was educated at Glasgow Academy. While the connections are difficult to unravel, it is clear he was related to the Cairds of Greenock, whose shipyard on the Clyde built countless liners for the P \& O Company, and to the Caird family who were munificent benefactors of Dundee and the Church of Scotland.

In 1878 Caird joined a firm of East India Merchants in Glasgow, but later went to London. In 1890 he entered the service of Turnbull, Martin \& Co., managers of the Scottish Shire Line of Steamers; he quickly rose to become Manager, and by 1903 he was the sole partner and owner. In this role his business skill became apparent, as he pioneered (along with the Houlder and Federal Lines) refrigerated shipping connections between the United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand. In 1917 he sold his shipping interests to Messrs Cayzer Irvine, managers of the Clan Line.

During the First World War, Caird set up a new shipyard on the River Wye at Chepstow in Wales. Registered in April 1916, the Standard Shipbuilding and Engineering Company took over an existing shipbuilder in an area not threatened by enemy attacks. The purpose of the yard was rapid building of standardized merchant ships during a period when heavy losses were being sustained because of German U-boat attacks. Caird was appointed Chairman, a post he held until the yard came under full government control later in the war. The shipyard did not meet the high expectations of the time, but it did pioneer standard shipbuilding which was later successful in the USA, the UK and Japan.

Caird's greatest work may have been the service he gave to the councils which helped form the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich. He used all his endeavours to ensure the successful launch of the world's greatest maritime museum; he persuaded friends to donate, the Government to transfer artefacts and records, and he gave of his wealth to purchase works of art for the nation. Prior to his death he endowed the Museum with £1.25 million, a massive sum for the 1930s, and this (the Caird Fund) is administered to this day by the Trustees of Greenwich.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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David Dale, the son of a grocer, began his working life by herding cattle. His connection with the textile industry started when he was apprenticed to a Paisley weaver. After this he travelled the country buying home-spun linen yarns, which he sold in Glasgow. At about the age of 24 he settled in Glasgow as Clerk to a silk merchant. He then started a business importing fine yarns from France and Holland for weaving good-quality cloths such as cambrics. Dale was to become one of the pre-eminent yarn dealers in Scotland. In 1778 he acquired the first cotton-spinning mill built in Scotland by an English company at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. In 1784 he met Richard Arkwright, who was touring Scotland, and together they visited the Falls of the Clyde near the town of Lanark. Arkwright immediately recognized the potential of the site for driving water-powered mills. Dale acquired part of the area from Lord Braxfield and in 1785 began to build his first mill there in partnership with Arkwright. The association with Arkwright soon ceased, however, and by c.1795 Dale had erected four mills. Because the location of the mills was remote, he built houses for the workers and then employed pauper children brought from the slums of Edinburgh and Glasgow; at one time there were over 400 of them. Dale's attitude to his workers was benevolent and humane. He tried to provide reasonable working conditions and the mills were well designed with a large workshop in which machinery was constructed. Dale was also a partner in mills at Catrine, Newton Stewart, Spinningdale in Sutherlandshire and some others. In 1785 he established the first Turkey red dye works in Scotland and was in partnership with George Macintosh, the father of Charles Macintosh. Dale manufactured cloth in Glasgow and from 1783 was Agent for the Royal Bank of Scotland, a lucrative position. In 1799 he was persuaded by Robert Owen to sell the New Lanark mills for £60,000 to a Manchester partnership which made Owen the Manager. Owen had married Dale's daughter, Anne Caroline, in 1799. Possibly due in part to poor health, Dale retired in 1800 to Rosebank near Glasgow, having made a large fortune. In 1770 he had withdrawn from the established Church of Scotland and founded a new one called the "Old Independents". He visited the various branches of this Church, as well as convicts in Bridewell prison, to preach. He was also a great benefactor to the poor in Glasgow. He had a taste for music and sang old Scottish songs with great gusto.

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SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour

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The son of a Scottish Presbyterian minister, Forsyth also took Holy Orders and took over his father's parish on his death. During his spare time he experimented with explosives and in 1805 he succeeded in developing mercury fulminate as a percussion cap for use in small-arms ammunition, thus paving the way for the eventual design of the self-contained metallic cartridge and contact fuse. This he did by rolling the compound into small pellets, which he placed in a nipple at the breech end of the barrel, where they could be detonated by the falling hammer of the gun. In spring 1806 he went to London, and so impressed was the Master-General of the Ordnance by Forsyth's concept that he gave him facilities in the Tower of London in order to allow him to perfect it. Unfortunately, the Master-General of the Ordnance was replaced shortly afterwards and his successor abruptly stopped the project. Forsyth returned to Scotland and his parish, and it was only after much persuasion by his friends that he eventually petitioned Parliament for recognition of his invention. He was ultimately awarded a small state pension, but died before he received any of it.